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per cent. A1 2 3 after ignition. CERAMIC CHEMISTRY. 37 CHAPTER V. BODIES. The composition of a body depends on its purposes and on the temperature at which it is to be fired. In determining what class of ware he is going to make, the manufacturer must be guided by the market price of the ware, by the nature of his own raw materials, and by the cost of other raw materials, including that of fuel, which influences the firing temperature. The cost of carriage to the nearest open market and the wage-rate must also be taken into account. It will be seen, then, that each locality is best fitted for the production of some particular class of ware in which it should be able to meet all competition. The most elementary type is the local brickfield, fitted with obsolete plant, and yet able to maintain its position in the immediate vicinity because the price of bricks would not pay the cost of carriage from more scientific centres. Thence we proceed by infinite gradations till we reach the hard porcelain of Germany and the bone china and decorated stoneware of England, Besides the chemical analysis, physical tests should be made of the clays to be made up into bodies. The chief of these concern plasticity, tensile or transverse strength, drying shrinkage, firing shrinkage, refractoriness, and colour after burning.